Since autocrine and paracrine VEGF signaling in tumor cells (i.e., the expression of neuropilin-1, VEGF, and VEGFR2) has been linked to the regulation of TGFβ1-stimulated endothelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor fibrosis in PDAC tumors [53], our results provide evidence that the therapeutic modalities may inhibit tumor fibrosis in PDAC tumors. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.