Nivolumab and ipilimumab target specific molecules (PD-1 and CTLA-4 respectively) involved in regulating the immune response, allowing the immune system to better recognize and attack cancer cells.pTVG-AR (MVI-118) is a DNA vaccine encoding the ligand binding domain of AR, which induces CD8+T cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells overexpressing AR. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.