TLR9 and Familial prostate cancer: Despite the conflicting literature surrounding the pro- or antitumorigenic role of TLR9 in prostate cancer, and consistent with the ability of CPG-ODNs to act as immunostimulatory adjuvants for vaccines [79], our study provides support for the idea that systemic stimulation of TLR9 reduces the growth of orthotopic tumors in vivo by boosting systemic innate immunity.