In all four liver cancer cell lines, the tumor progression marker CD44 [24] was highly prominent, in contrast to the cytometer-based surface marker analysis, but in line with the gene expression analysis shown in Supplementary Figure S3 and in Figure 4A. CD44 was detectable by IF staining in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm in the 2D cell culture, and, moreover, in the IHC and IF staining of liver tissue slides from patients and mice, as shown in Figure 4B,D. Here, CD44 is linked to neoplasm.