Consistently with the known function of DKK-3 as an immunomodulatory molecule (see above), REIC/DKK-3 may play a cytokine-like role in monocyte differentiation since the intratumor administration of full-length DKK-3 (FL-REIC) led to the induction of anti-cancer immunity towards prostate cancer cells, and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo [48]. Here, DKK3 is linked to neoplasm.