While these implications of our findings need to be directly tested biochemically, in primary patient cells, and in animal models, our finding that EP can reverse the direction of nuclear size changes that typically occur in higher-grade and more metastatic PCa raises both the possibility that EP may prove better than estradiol and that screening for the absence of DHRS7 prior to engaging estradiol treatment may improve the outcomes in treating androgen-independent PCa. This evidence concerns the gene DHRS7 and posterior cortical atrophy.