EPRS1 and dilated cardiomyopathy: In this study, our findings demonstrate that the haploinsufficiency of EPRS1 (heterozygous cKO) in cardiomyocytes does not cause apparent cardiac disorders, while the complete depletion of EPRS1 (homozygous cKO in CMs) leads to severe dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and lethality in the mice.