To characterize the phenotypic outcome at the transcriptome-wide mRNA expression level, we conducted RNA-seq in cKO hearts 2 weeks post-Eprs1 deletion compared with the control hearts (Figure 3A, Table S1) before the presence of any compromised cardiac function indicated by echocardiography to avoid extensive secondary effects from the late-stage HF (Figure 2B). This evidence concerns the gene EPRS1 and hydrops fetalis.