EPRS1 and dilated cardiomyopathy: Given the fact that decreased EPRS1 expression or the inhibition of EPRS1 activity reduces pro-fibrotic response and extracellular matrix protein expression during fibrosis in multiple organs [3,7,32,33], and the complete loss of EPRS1 in CMs causes severe dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure (Figure 2), it is worthwhile evaluating further the therapeutic window for treating fibrosis using EPRS1 inhibitors to minimize the adverse effect in future.