PSMD1 and long COVID-19: The proposed mechanisms for PASC [433,434,435,436,437,438] include persistent reservoirs of pathogens or pathogen remnants (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins such as spike protein or spike protein fragments such as the S1 subunit); the development of autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry between pathogen and host proteins; the reactivation of other latent pathogens; dysbiosis from SARS-CoV-2–host-microbiome interactions; and resultant organ system or tissue damage from the infection and associated immunopathology, including vasculopathy, coagulopathy, and clotting issues.