AKT1 and cancer: Jianping, G. et al. revealed that copper ions activate protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) through CTR1 and demonstrated that copper can bind phosphoinositol-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) and enhance the interaction between PDK1 and AKT, thereby activating phosphoinositol kinase 3 (PI3K)-AKT Carcinogenic signaling pathways promote the occurrence of cancer [17].