CXCL12 and neoplasm: This process is accompanied by the increased secretion of CAF-produced factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), and TGFβ, which are engaged in tumour progression and metastasis regulation [123] as CAFs can contribute to the establishment of a pre-metastatic niche [124, 125].