We note that as opposed to Arhgef2−/− mice that behaved like controls, Rasal3−/− mice showed a significantly greater susceptibility to CA-CRC; this susceptibility was expressed both by an increase in the total number of tumors per colon (Supplementary Fig. 5a, b), and an increase total tumor surface area (Supplementary Fig. 5c). Here, RASAL3 is linked to neoplasm.