When scaled to the same predicted difference in LDL-C, there was significant heterogeneity between associations with PCSK9-GS and LDL-C GS for both URTI [PCSK9: 2.18 (1.34–3.53); LDL-C GS: 1.11 (0.88–1.38); P-het = 0.013] and fatal COPD exacerbations [PCSK9: 3.61 (1.71–7.60); LDL-C GS: 0.92 (0.75–1.19); P-het = 0.0012]. The gene discussed is PCSK9; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.