From a therapeutic viewpoint, it was also found that treatment with the clinical peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone down-regulated expression of OSM and CXCL12 in the BM of T1D mice and restored HSPC mobilization in response to G-CSF [118]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.