IGF1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Since autophagy is the primary catabolic program of the cell that promotes survival (nutrient delivery) in response to metabolic stress, the observed downregulation of LC3-II, LC3-I, and p62 in the ALS TER SWIM group as compared to the ALS TER group might reflect the coverage of energetic demands through the enhancement of anaerobic abilities via IGF-1 signaling.