FNDC5 and ischemia: Both studies proposed parenteral administration of irisin enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, with subsequent reduction in oxidative stress markers (MDA) and increase in antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD and GSH-Px).20,21 Likewise, Ren et al., established antioxidant nature of irisin in intestinal tissues by observing significant reduction in intestinal Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and improvement in SOD and GSH levels with parenteral Irisin administration.22 Similarly, et al., highlighted the potential antioxidant function of irisin in protecting the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury.