H. pylori is the most predominant microorganism detected in gastric cancer (GC) and has been implicated in promoting premalignant lesions that can ultimately progress to GC.68,69 EBV was found within malignant epithelial cells in 9% of GC.70 EBV-GC may be the most common type of EBV-associated cancer, highly correlated with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 A (CDKN2A) promoter hypermethylation.71,72 Shao et al. found that the microbial diversity in GC cells was considerably greater than that in benign stomach lesions. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and cancer.