Oral gavage (OG) with B. fragilis and FMT from responding humans to mouse altered the immunotherapy response of germ-free, non-responding mouse.333 In addition, through FMT from JAX mouse that were effective for anti-PD-L1 therapy to TAC mouse, Sivan et al. showed that PD-L1 antibody levels were enhanced to inhibit melanoma in TAC mouse and further identified Bifidobacterium to be the responsible microbe.334 Other studies have reported similar results that microbial intervention boosts immunotherapy.223,335. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and melanoma.