The surface integrin and chemokine receptors, including CD11b and CCR2 (Fig. 3f, g, Supplementary Fig. 6), coupled with the stronger entrapment effect of disorganized and tortuous micrometer-diameter tumor capillaries, may facilitate LNT MACS/VNP cell accumulation in the tumor lesion.39 Thus, it is understandable that significantly higher intratumoral strain titers and lower strain titers in normal organs were detected in the LNT MACS/VNP cell group than in the LNT VNP group (Fig. 3j, Supplementary Fig. 8a–f). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAM and neoplasm.