In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that 4-OI inhibited the activation of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway by eliminating mtROS production and mtDNA leakage in alveolar macrophages under oxidative stress, while alleviated LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, which in turn ameliorated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [217]. Here, IRF3 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.