Morrissey et al. also emphasized the role of NF-κB-dependent pathways in the action of tumor-derived exosomes on TAMs, which, in addition to Toll-like receptors, mediate enhanced glycolysis and lactate production through independent activation of NOS2 and HIF-1α, thereby promoting M2-type macrophage polarization. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is neoplasm.