Although complete glucose deprivation may not be seen in the fetus, in this study, we utilize a complete deprivation of glucose as a pharmacologic stimulation to investigate the mechanisms that regulate IGFBP-1 phosphorylation in glucose deprivation, as the concentration of 0 mM glucose offers a significant increase in IGFBP-1 secretion similar to that observed in fetal growth restriction in vivo. Here, IGFBP1 is linked to fetal growth restriction.