HIV– vaccinees did not develop significantly higher IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 antibodies to any of the malaria antigens compared with HIV+ vaccinees (Figure 6A), supporting the ELISA data showing that differences in the levels of antibodies between HIV– and HIV+ vaccinees could not explain the differences in VE. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is malaria.