Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting such molecules (e.g. PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA4) have been established as effective cancer treatments, particularly for endometrial cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [3]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.