GPT and acute kidney injury: Since SDMA is a biomarker for acute kidney injury (Kielstein et al. 2006), oxidative stress and inflammation (Tain and Hsu 2017) whilst alanine transaminase indicates liver function (Hassan et al. 2020) and alkaline phosphatase bone resorption (LeBoff et al. 2022; Cheng and Zhao 2023), our data suggest that the OMSS further ameliorated possible damage of the essential metabolic organs, bone resorption, and physiological stress that could have been induced by MSC and MSM-bound ANFs.