APP and Alzheimer disease: Zhou et al. reported that galactose-conjugatedNPs can be delivered into APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice through the interactionwith GLUT1 on ECs.103 Arora et al. foundthat dual modification with mannose (through GLUT1) and penetratingpeptides in the liposomes can promote selectivity and enhance prospectivedelivery to the brain.104 Besides, LAT-1is utilized as the target carrier for L-DOPA or l-valineconjugated NPs and enhances their entrance into the brain.105,106