LcS also alleviated the APAP-induced increase in 18 proteins (Fig. 4B); among these proteins, fifteen have been reported to stimulate liver diseases or tumor formation, including Manba, Stk10, Tmsb10, Cald1, Serpine1, Mt1, Mt2, Igfbp1, Tm4sf4, Pros1, S100a10, Dnah17, Gnl3, Tdrd1, and Srxn1; the remaining three are Igkv19-93, Arhgap45, and Tmsb4x, which are related to the formation of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. Here, IGFBP1 is linked to liver disorder.