UDCA inhibits pathogenic bacterial growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo via the TGR5-NFκB signaling axis, attenuates commensal bacterial dysbiosis during extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (ESBL-EAEC) infection, and upregulates hindgut short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels against calf diarrhea in neonatal mouse models for sepsis and colitis (18). The gene discussed is GPBAR1; the disease is colitis.