However, the up-regulation of PAFAH1B2, which induces large amounts of platelets to aggregation, may instead indicate acute viral infections, as it has been documented in patients with avian influenza (H1N9) acute-phase infections (83) that show high levels of inflammatory cytokines and induce vascular permeability (84, 85). The gene discussed is PAFAH1B2; the disease is avian influenza.