GPT and gallstones: Population-based studies conducted in Italy within that time frame also show similar results but with more specific markers of liver injury, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This exploration comes after evidence of coffee’s role in reducing the risk of all causes of mortality, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, several specific cancers, gallstones, and symptomatic gallstone disease [8,9].