INS and Insulin resistance: In a 2018 experimental study, induced diabetic rats were treated with BC, sitagliptin 10 mg/kg orally (SG10), sitagliptin 20 mg/kg orally (SG20), and a combination of SG10+BC over two weeks. Levels of serum glucose, serum fructosamine, serum insulin, and Homeostasis Model Assessment Index for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased with all four treatment protocols.