INS and diabetes mellitus: In the United States, the estimated national cost of diabetes in 2017 was $327 billion, of which ‎‎$237 billion represents direct healthcare expenditures attributed to diabetes, and $90 ‎billion represents lost productivity [2].‎ T2DM is a chronic metabolic condition defined by insulin insensitivity as a result of insulin resistance, declining insulin production, and eventual pancreatic beta-cell failure‎ [3].