The protein biomarkers (CDCP1, IL-12B, NfL and PRTG) selected by the four best-performing LASSO models (for predicting the primary endpoint of PDDS and the secondary endpoint of PROMIS, both as binary and ordinal/continuous scores) are involved in the two known functional pathways (i.e., immunomodulation, neuroaxonal integrity) pertinent to MS pathogenesis (Fig. 2, Supplementary Fig. 4). Here, PRTG is linked to myeloid sarcoma.