VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Strikingly, pre‐treating the same endothelial cells with OA before TNF‐α clearly attenuated adhesion molecule overexpression by the cytokine, especially on VCAM1 and SELE. In addition to this, the preventive effect produced by OA was even more patent in GD‐HUVECs, probably because of their senescent phenotype and endothelial dysfunction (26).