Ishtiaq et al. demonstrated that the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) can exert anti-inflammatory activity by interleukin (IL)-33 expression, reducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression, promoting storage of fatty acids as triglycerides, and inhibiting ectopic fat accumulation, which may improve NAFLD (Ishtiaq et al., 2022). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.