CD8A and neoplasm: Among the S. aureus-produced immunomodulating compounds, we identified α-hemolysin (HLA) as a potentially functional molecule in the S. aureus spent media that could inflame TIME by inducing the infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and PD-L1 expression, accompanied by the inhibition of tumor growth and robust induction of tumor necrosis of murine mammary tumors.