The 1st_CRS was manifested by a transient increase mainly in Granzyme B, IL-6, IL-10, while 2nd_CRS exhibited a durable and robust rise of more cytokines, such as IL-8, IFN-γ, CX3CL1, sIL-1 RII, sVEGF R1, Ang-2 (Fig. 5c). Here, CXCL8 is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.