Additionally, the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway directs macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype, which secretes growth factors such as EGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, favoring tumor cell proliferation and survival [115, 116]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.