Excessive visceral adipose tissue accumulation may also increase the risk of IR and T2D via accelerated releasing FFAs [56, 57] and visfatin [58], upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as disrupting the insulin-signaling pathways [59]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.