Of the 619 detected genes, 227 have previously been implicated in cognitive function, education, neuroticism, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and reaction time, such as ARIH2 (Lee et al. 2018; Kulminski et al. 2022) and PTCH1 (Nagel et al. 2018; Thorp et al. 2021; Okbay et al. 2022). Here, PTCH1 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.