Interestingly, viral load slowly increased in VCP knockdown cells up to 5 days post-infection and remained consistently high thereafter (Fig 9B brown bars) without any detectable virus release in the media, except on day 7 which showed negligible viral titers in the media (1PFU/ml) by the chemiluminescence plaque assay (brown bar in Fig 9D). Here, VCP is linked to infection.