TNF and COVID-19: This underpins the importance of immune-modulating anti-cytokine treatments in the clinic for patients with elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum to serve better prognosis in inflammatory conditions like sepsis31 and COVID-19.32,33,59 Surprisingly, we found that NET release is unaffected when treated with LTB4, a significant lipid mediator of inflammation, previously shown to increase neutrophil recruitment and swarming in vivo.