CD38 and COVID-19: Whereas several studies have shown a hyperactivated T cell phenotype in PLWH compared to healthy controls,79,80,81 as well as in individuals with severe COVID-19 compared to those with mild disease,82,83,84,85,86,87 few data exist on the impact of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection on T cell activation, with one case report suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may not further increase T cell activation in PLWH,88 while another study reporting higher CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4 and CD8 T cells in PLWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection.26