The application of proteomics, particularly mass spectrometry techniques, to human and animal models of AKI has illuminated the pathophysiology of AKI and revealed novel genes and proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, including the Bcl-2 family proteins and kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1) (Hoffmann et al., 2002; Ichimura et al., 1998). The gene discussed is HAVCR1; the disease is acute kidney injury.