Several studies have identified specific genetic alterations in esophageal carcinomas of chagasic megaesophagus patients, including mutations in tp53, pik3ca, fhit, cdkn2a, p16, mib1, microsatellite instability, and aneuploidies of chromosomes 7, 11, and 17 (Manoel-Caetano et al., 2009; Bellini et al., 2012; Lacerda et al., 2017; Campanella et al., 2018; Munari et al., 2018). The gene discussed is CDKN2A; the disease is carcinoma of esophagus.