PINK1 and Parkinson disease: In another approach, Elkouris et al. probed the role of lncRNA in PD patient samples by examining bioinformatically genes proximal to lncRNAs (less than 0.5 kilobases) and closely involved with PD, such as GBA1, SNCA (PARK4), UCH-L1 (PARK5), PINK1 (PARK6), DJ-1 (PARK7), LRRK2 (PARK8), and MAPT.275 When they examined the expression of these lncRNAs, namely., SNCA-AS1, AK127687, UCHL1-AS1, PINK1-AS1, AX747125, GBAP1, and MAPT-AS1 in substantia nigra of healthy and PD patients, all of them except GBAP1 were significantly downregulated in PD.