Anti-PD-1 alone, or most dramatically when administered in combination with anti-CTLA-4 ICT, induced a subset of Bhlhe40hi NeoAg-specific CD8 T cells also display high expression of Tbx21 and Ifng. We previously documented that ICT promotes Bhlhe40 upregulation in NeoAg tumor-specific T cells and that expression of Bhlhe40 in CD4 and/or CD8 T cells is paramount for effective ICT21. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.