Altogether, these findings indicate that while mice treated with anti-CTLA-4, alone or in combination with anti-PD-1, display the most dramatic increase in IFN-γ-producing Th1-like CD4 T cells within the tumor, anti-PD-1 also incites IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells (Figure 5D). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and neoplasm.