As well described in the pediatric literature on R/R AML, also in the presented study, better outcomes were associated with younger age (under 15 years), favorable cytogenetics [CBF and nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)], late relapse, achievement of the second CR, and the ability to undergo allo-HSCT in CR. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.