In KA-induced animal models, HMGB1 downregulates the level of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), and glutamate dehydrogenase 2 (GLUD2), upregulates the levels of intracellular glutamate and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II), which collectively contribute to increasing the neuronal excitability and inducing epileptic seizures (107). The gene discussed is GLUD2; the disease is Seizure.