CD40 and Sepsis: TIM-3 as well as CD40 in subcluster 1, both reportedly upregulated on sepsis monocytes (22, 26–28), and HVEM in subcluster 2, previously shown to mediate enhancement of in vitro bactericidal activities of monocytes and neutrophils (54), indeed clustered with markers of myeloid cell activation including cytokines, mainly chemokines, and markers of degranulation and cell death.