Tregs play a crucial role in the immune response network for peripheral tolerance.52 CD4+4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells originating in the thymus are natural Tregs, whereas induced Tregs are derived from active T cells in the periphery.53 Induced Tregs suppress the effector T cells through the inhibitory cytokines transforming growth factor-β and IL-10 and maintain immune homeostasis to achieve a balance between the pro-and the anti-inflammatory responses.35Figure 1 is a simplified depiction of the pathophysiology of T1DM. Here, FOXP3 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.