The administration of anti-CD3 antibodies results in a transient systemic rise in the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells and in a reduction of CD4+Foxp3-conventional T cells.60 Although the mechanism of action of anti-CD3 therapy in regulating T1DM pathogenesis is only partially understood, it seems that the predominant effect of anti-CD3 therapy is to enhance Treg activity. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.