In obesity, the SNS-stimulating action of leptin depends on a functional AngII type 1a receptor (AT1aR) [98–100], which tonically suppresses inhibitory neuropeptide Y (NPY) input to POMC neurons within the ArcN and/or the presympathetic neurons in the periventricular nucleus. The gene discussed is AGTR1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.